论比例原则在公司法中的适用

作为公法帝王原则的比例原则,因具有强调适度均衡的思想本质、分析目的与手段之间合理性的工具属性以及追求实质正义的价值取向,而拥有了超越规范的生命力,与公司法中的不得滥用权力和合理行使权利的行为要求以及公司自治原则、公司正义原则具有高度契合性,并且可以为公司法原则的实现、董事和控股股东义务的履行以及公司利益至上理念的贯彻提供方法论支持。在公司法中,比例原则可以广泛地适用于协调股东利益、实现股东知情权、董事会作出反收购措施、公司践行社会责任以及配置董事责任等领域,但在当事人意思表示一致以及公司面临紧急状态时存在适用限制。比例原则在公司法中的适用较公法语境更为柔性,通过适用宽松的审查标准,省略比例原则的部分要件以及类型化适用情境,可以实现比例原则更加妥当的适用。为使比例原则在公司法中的适用更加自觉化和精细化,应当加强董事会等公司法主体的信息披露义务,适当引入成本收益分析方法。

As the imperial principle of public law,the principle of proportionality,with moderate balance as its ideological essence,instrumental attribute of analyzing the rationality between ends and means,and value orientation of pursuing substantive justice,has a vitality beyond norms,showing a high degree of consistency with the behavioral requirements of not abusing power and reasonably exercising rights in company law,the principle of corporate autonomy and the principle of corporate justice,and can provide methodological support for the implementation of the principles of company law,the fulfillment of the obligations of directors and controlling shareholders,and the implementation of the idea of the supremacy of corporate interests.The principle of proportionality can be widely applied to the coordination of shareholders’interests,the realization of shareholders’right to know,the making of anti-takeover measures by the board of directors,the practice of corporate social responsibility and the allocation of directors’responsibilities,etc.,but there are applicable restrictions when the parties agree and the company faces a state of emergency.The application of the principle of proportionality in company law is more flexible than that in the context of public law.By applying relaxed review standards,omitting some elements of the principle of proportionality and typing the application situation,the principle of proportionality can be applied more appropriately.To make the application of principle of proportionality in company law more conscious and refined,we should strengthen the obligations of information disclosure of the board of directors and other subjects of company law,and appropriately introduce cost-benefit analysis methods.