中国司法回应道德的法理与路径选择

司法的一个重要职能在于弥合法律与社会发展之间的鸿沟,社会事实的复杂性和利益分化的严重性对司法提出了尖锐的挑战。转型时期频繁映入公众视线的系列热案、要案,突显出了司法与社会民意或道德关切的紧张关系。在此背景下,为应对形形色色的道德压力,中国司法从传统审判型司法迈向了一种回应型司法,其运作依循自身特定的法理逻辑。由此催生了道德回应型司法解释、司法政策、调判结合机制、案例治理、司法修辞和论证,共同构成了多元化的道德回应体系。在坚持司法被动性原则的基础上,司法回应道德关切彰显了中国特色审判制度的优越性。然而,司法回应并不意味着任意而为,它应尊重客观司法规律,在司法的应有边界内活动,坚持以必要为前提,理性、客观、精准、适度回应社会道德关切,以谨防各种风险的出现。

An important function of the judiciary is to try to bridge the gap between the law and social development,and the complexity of social facts and the seriousness of the divergence of interests pose a sharp challenge to the judiciary.A series of hot cases and important cases frequently caught the public eye during the transition period highlighted the tension between the judiciary and public opinions or moral concerns in society.In this context,in response to various moral pressures,Chinese judicature has moved from a traditional model to a responsive model,and its operation follows specific legal logic.This gives birth to the moral responsive type of judicial interpretation,judicial policy,the combination mechanism of mediation and adjudication,case management,moral rhetoric and argumentation,which together constitute a diversified moral response system.Based on adhering to the principle of judicial negativity,the judicial response to moral concerns demonstrates the superiority of the socialist judicial system.However,judicial response does not mean to act arbitrarily.To guard against various risks,it should respect the objective judicial law,act within the due boundaries of justice,adhere to the premise of necessity,and respond to social moral concerns rationally,objectively,accurately and appropriately.