“立法性”算法权力的兴起与法律规制

The Rise of Legislative Algorithmic Power and Legal Regulation

自动化行政促生法律代码化,并引发算法噬夺立法权现象。这表现为算法规则对法律规则的技术性修正、对实施性立法的替代、对上位立法的僭越以及对法律规则体系的整体性架空。算法对立法权的噬夺成就一项立法性算法权力。立法性算法权力的产生原因表明其具有技术层面的存在必要性,却并不必然具备法律面向的合理性。对立法性算法权力施加法律规制的必要性同时存在于技术层面和法律层面。在技术层面,这种必要性体现在立法性算法权力基于自身技术特性具有负外部性影响;在法律层面,这种必要性体现在立法性算法权力对依法行政原则、立法权分配格局产生根本动摇。对立法性算法权力进行法律规制,需要汲取当下算法规制的理论基础与制度实践,并结合立法性算法权力的自身特征,着眼于权力内容的实体限定与权力行使方式的程序限定。

Automated administration promotes codification of law.Codification of law makes algorithms erode legislative authority,which means that algorithms make technological changes to statutory rules,substitute for the lower-level law,usurp higher-level law and even replace the whole legal system.That algorithms eroding legislative authority makes a legislative algorithmic power.The causes of legislative algorithmic power indicate that its existence is necessary at the technical level,but is not always reasonable on the legal level.The necessity of legal regulation on legislative algorithmic power exists on the technical and legal level.The necessity on the technical level is the legislative algorithmic power’s negative impact of technology,and the necessity on the legal level is the legislative algorithmic power’s damage to the principle of administration by law and the constitutional distribution of legislative power.The legal regulation on legislative algorithmic power needs to learn from theoretical foundation and institutional practices of current regulation on algorithms and takes into consideration legislative algorithmic power’s characteristics,and it should focus on the substantial limits of content of power and procedural limits on exercise of power.