获利返还制度的法理研究

Jurisprudential Research on the System of Return of Profits

为有效地遏制不法行为,在侵权损害赔偿制度的基础上,理论和实践还提出了获利返还制度来弥补前者的不足。目前,对获利返还制度的解释主要依托侵权损害赔偿、不当得利和无因管理等理论。然而,不同的解释路径均存在不足之处。从历史发展的角度来看,虽然获利返还制度脱胎于侵权损害赔偿制度,并一直试图在不当得利制度中寻求栖息地,但是,侵权损害赔偿制度和不当得利制度的固有内涵使得该种尝试只能以失败而告终。相较于前两种解释路径,运用不真正无因管理制度对获利返还制度进行解释则显得更为恰当,然而,这种解释又与无因管理制度的内涵存在一定的冲突。借助信托理论中的推定信托理论来实现对这一冲突的化解,可以在私法范围内达到对不法行为人的制裁最大化的效果。就特殊客体的获利返还而言,由于实践操作存在一定的偏差,因此,对合理许可使用费的功能应当稍作调整,避免一般化地向法官酌定逃逸。

In order to effectively curb illegal behaviors,on the basis of the tort damage compensation system,the theory and practice also put forward the return of profits system to make up for the shortcomings of the former.At present,the interpretation of the return of profits system mainly relies on the theories about tort damage compensation,unjust enrichment and negotiorum gestio,ect.However,there are deficiencies in different interpretation theories.From the perspective of historical development,although the system of return of profits originated from the system of tort damage compensation and has been trying to seek habitat in the system of unjust enrichment,the inherent connotation of the system of tort damage compensation and unjust enrichment only makes this kind of attempt fail.Compared with other interpretation paths,it is more appropriate to apply the impure negotiorum gestio system to explain the return of profits system,but this explanation conflicts with the connotation of the negotiorum gestio system to some extent.In virtue of the presumptive trust theory in the trust theory to resolve this conflict,it can also maximize the sanctions against the unlawful perpetrator within the scope of private law.For the return of profits of special objects,due to certain deviations in practical operation,the function of the reasonable licensing fees should be slightly adjusted to avoid the general escape to the judge decisions.