村民自治的规范与法理——兼论村民自治规范体系的完善

Norms and Principles of Villagers’ Autonomy: The Improvement of the Norms System of Villagers’ Autonomy

我国村民自治规范体系由法律、党的基层工作规则以及乡村非正式规则等构成。村民自治在规范和理念层面的变迁深刻地反映了乡村治理中不同主体的权力/权利诉求,反映了基层治理从运动式、组织性的总体治理向发扬基层民主、注重个人权利的依法治理的转变。在主体、规范和机制方面,村民自治存在主体错位、规范缺失、内生动力不足等问题。规范村民自治、提升治理效能,要基于乡村实际,以修订《村民委员会组织法》为契机,完善党的基层领导机制、规范政府权力运行、协同村内各类型主体关系、推进自治单元改革等条款,完善规范体系,强化内生自治的法理,实现“乡政”与“村治”的结构耦合和功能衔接,推进村民自治和乡村治理法治化。

The norms system of villager’s autonomy in China consists of laws,the Party’s rules for grassroots work,and informal rules for villages.The changes in the norms and idea of villagers’autonomy profoundly reflect power/rights demands of different subjects in rural governance and reflect the transformation of grass-roots governance from a movement-oriented and organizational overall governance to a legal one that promotes grassroots democracy and focuses on the individual rights.In terms of subjects,norms and mechanisms,there are some problems in villagers’autonomy,such as subject dislocation,lack of norms,lack of endogenous motivation and so on.To regulate villagers’self-governance and enhance the effectiveness of governance,it is necessary to take the opportunity of revising Law of Organization of Villager Committee based on the actual situation in villages.These provisions include improving the Party’s grassroots leadership mechanism,regulating the operation of government power,coordinating the relationships between the various types of subjects within the village,and promoting the reform of the self-government unit.So,we can improve the norms system and strengthen the legal reasons of endogenous autonomy,achieve structural convergence and functional coupling between“rural governance”and“village governance”,and promote villager autonomy and the rule of law in rural governance.