刑法教义学科学性与实践性的功能分化

The Functional Differentiation of the Scientificity and Practicalness of Criminal Law Dogmatics

刑法教义学的科学性和实践性并非总是并行不悖,二者可能发生冲突。回归纯粹的实践技艺并非当代刑法教义学应该选择的道路。对刑法教义学科学性的坚守是现代社会的必然要求,并具有实现的可能性。刑法教义学体系的建构应当采取自下而上的思路,以保证体系在复杂多变的社会生活面前保持足够的开放性和应变能力,但这一思路也带来了刑法教义学知识“堆砌化”“补丁化”的危险。正如社会现实的复杂化必然会促使社会系统分化一样,在刑法教义学肩负的任务日益繁重和复杂的时代背景下,刑法教义学内部也有必要进行功能分化:一部分研究应奉行自下而上的问题思考方式,着眼于产出具有实效的教义学知识;另一部分研究则应专司方法论的监督之职,从价值基础的一致性、形式逻辑的融贯性和事实结构的符合性三方面对教义学知识进行科学性的检测和反思。

The scientificity and practicalness of criminal law dogmatics do not always go hand in hand,and they may conflict.Returning to pure practical skills is not the road that contemporary criminal law dogmatics should choose.Adhering to the scientificity of criminal law dogmatics is not only the internal requirement of modern society,but also has the possibility of realization.The systematic construction of the criminal law dogmatics should take the way of bottom-up to ensure that the system maintains sufficient openness and adaptability in the face of complex and changeable social life.However,this approach also brings the danger of“stacking”and“patching”of doctrinal knowledge of criminal law.Just as the complexity of social reality will inevitably lead to the differentiation of social system,under the background of the increasingly heavy and complex task shouldered by the criminal law dogmatics,it is also necessary to carry out functional differentiation:one part pursues bottom-up thinking and focuses on the output of effective doctrinal knowledge;the other part is devoted to the supervision of methodology,which scientifically tests and rethinks on the dogmatic knowledge from three aspects:the consistency of value basis,the coherence of formal logic and the conformity of factual structure.