追求共识:比例原则的裁判实践与知识互动

Seeking Consensus:The Judicial Practice and Knowledge Interaction of the Principle of Proportionality

源于德国公法传统的比例原则,近年来受到中国法学界的高度推崇。然而,中国法官并不像中国学者那样,关心对德国教义知识的适用。法官在行政审判中使用比例原则时,主要用其进行说理论证和修辞,或将其作为利益衡量的分析工具。虽然中国学者进一步提出本土改良方案,试图使比例原则成为法官的知识来源,但是作为知识接受者的法官有其自身期待和行动策略,他们会对比例原则作出新的阐释。若要改变知识话语竞争的现状,就得寻求形成关于比例原则的中国法学通说这一共同目标。法官与学者并不拘泥于“局内人”与“局外人”的思维定势。相较于经济分析等外来学科的知识,法官更倾向于建立关于比例原则的法学知识共同体。因此,法官与学者存在着共同建构知识的行动理由。知识互动可以通过转译策略得到实现。

The principle of proportionality,which originated in the German public law tradition,has been highly revered by Chinese jurisprudence in recent years.Chinese judges,however,are not as concerned as Chinese scholars with the strict or modified application of German doctrinal intellectual constructs.When judges use the principle of proportionality in administrative trials,they use it to justify and reason rhetorically,or as an analytical tool for weighing interests.Although Chinese scholars have further proposed local improvements to make it a source of knowledge for judges,as recipients of knowledge,judges have their own expectations and strategies for action,and they will interpret the principle of proportionality in a new way.If we want to change the status quo of competing intellectual discourses,we must seek a common goal of forming a common knowledge towards the principle of proportionality.Judges and scholars are not bound by the beliefs of“insiders”and“outsiders”,and they prefer to build a community of jurisprudential knowledge about the principle of proportionality rather than utilizing the terms of external disciplines such as economic analysis.Therefore,there is a reason for judges and scholars to co-construct knowledge,and knowledge interaction can be realized through translation strategies.