现代证明责任“风险”性质重述

On the Nature of “Risk” in Modern Burden of Proof: A Restatement

作为现代证明责任本质的客观证明责任是指案件要件事实真伪不明时的裁判风险。真正理解现代证明责任的风险性质有助于我国民事司法的现代化转型。关于证明责任性质的认识以往存在多种误区。证明责任作为一种风险是从这一制度总体或生活世界系统上来说的,是一种法律适用活动本身所必然附带的风险。证明责任作为一种风险具有客观性、不确定性、不可归责性及可预测性。证明责任风险说启示人们应在诉讼中提高风险意识、调整风险决策方案、选择风险管理策略及强化风险归属规则。理解现代证明责任的风险性质有助于证明责任制度在我国的深入贯彻。

As the essence of modern burden of proof,the objective burden of proof refers to the risk of judgment when the facts of the essential elements of a case are unclear.A true understanding of the risky nature of modern burden of proof is helpful to the modernization of China’s civil justice.There have been many misunderstandings about the nature of the burden of proof in the past.As a risk,the burden of proof is viewed from the system as a whole or the life-world system and is a kind of risk incidental to the application of law.The burden of proof as a risk has objectivity,uncertainty,non-attribution and predictability.The risk theory of burden of proof enlightens people to raise the subject’s risk awareness,adjust risk decision-making plans,choose risk management strategies and strengthen risk attribution rules in litigation.Understanding the risk nature of modern burden of proof is conducive to the in-depth implementation of the burden of proof system in our country.