法典化模式选择的法理辨析

Jurisprudential Analysis of the Choice of Codification Mode

法典化的模式可以分为体系型和汇编型两种类型。我国学者在讨论法典化时主要希望完成的是体系型法典,也就是通过部门法的横向建构和规则/原则的纵向建构完成的一个明确、稳定、评价无矛盾的融贯体系。体系型法典在理论上有助于保障法的安定性,实现法律上的形式平等。它同时预设了三种理念:社会基本处于静止状态;法律所保护的价值在整体上不会受到新的社会发展的挑战;一个国家的整个领土构成一种均质的空间。在当代法律实践中,规范呈现出越来越多的碎片化特征。就算立法者通过法典实现了一定程度的规范整合,单行立法、判例、习惯、个人性质的规范也终究会不断打破法典的体系。而且,实证法在调整社会关系时也更注意社会生活的变化特征和给定地理空间的自然/人文特性。在这种情况下,采用汇编型法典是更适合当代法治实践要求的做法。

A code of law can be the systematization or compilation of existing norms.In present legal scholars,it is the systematic codes that are envisaged,which involves the double construction of legal rules and principles in both horizontal and vertical directions that leads to coherent systems in different domains of law.The purpose of a systematic code is to achieve the security of law and,therefore,guarantee the formal equality before law.Its achievement,nonetheless,is only possible in a static society over a homogenous national territory,where the fundamental values protected by law are not under challenges from social bouleversements.However,the fragmentation of law has become a dominant feature of contemporary legal practice.The coherence of an alleged system is vulnerable before the mess of norms issued from special legislations,judicial precedents,costumes,as well as private practice.Furthermore,positive law has embraced a new philosophy that grants more serious consideration to the temporality of time and spatiality of space.Therefore,a code by compilation suits better contemporary need.