影响低频下降型突发性聋不伴眩晕预后的相关因素分析

Analysis of the factors affecting the prognosis of low-frequency descending sudden hearing loss without vertigo

目的分析相关因素对低频下降型突发性聋不伴眩晕预后的影响。方法共搜集符合纳入标准的低频下降型突发性聋106例的临床资料,分析性别、年龄、侧别、病程、伴随症状、听力损失程度与治疗效果之间的相关性。结果低频下降型突发性聋的总有效率79%,年龄≤30岁者治疗的总有效率最高(91%,31/34),高于31~45岁组(80%,37/46)和46~68岁组(61%,16/26),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);病程≤7 d者(95%,52/55)预后要好于病程>7 d者(63%,32/51),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);伴有耳闷者治疗效果(88%,53/60)优于不伴有耳闷者(37%,31/46),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。性别、发病侧别、是否伴有耳鸣、听力损失为轻度或中度,各组之间总有效率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论不伴眩晕的低频下降型突发性聋的预后与年龄、病程、是否耳闷及初始听力水平有关,与性别、侧别、是否伴耳鸣无关;年龄小、病程短、伴耳闷是不伴眩晕的低频下降型突发性聋预后良好的正性因素。

Objective To analyze the effect of related factors on the prognosis of low-frequency descending sudden hearing loss without vertigo.Methods A total of 106 cases of low-frequency descending sudden hearing loss meeting the inclusion criteria were collected.The correlation between gender,age,side,course of the disease,concomitant symptoms,degree of hearing loss and therapeutic effect were analyzed.Results The total effective rate of low-frequency descending sudden hearing loss was 79%.The total effective rate was higher in patients aged≤30 years old(91%,31/34),compared to patients between 31 and 45 years old(80%,37/46)and between 46 and 68 years old(61%,16/26).The difference was statistically significant(p<0.05).Patients with a course≤7 days(95%,52/55)had a better prognosis than those with a course>7 days(63%,32/51),with this having a statistically significant difference(p<0.001).The therapeutic effect of patients with ear fullness(88%,53/60)was better than those without ear fullness(37%,31/46),and this difference was statistically significant(p<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the total effective rate between genders,incidence sides,whether they had tinnitus,or mild or moderate hearing loss(p>0.05).Conclusion The prognosis of low-frequency descending sudden hearing loss without vertigo is related to age,course of the disease,ear fullness,and initial hearing levels.Young age,a short course of the disease and ear fullness are positive factors for a good prognosis of low-frequency descending sudden hearing loss without vertigo.