青少年和年轻成人自杀预警系统研究进展

Research progress of suicide warning systems for adolescents and young adults

自杀是青少年和年轻成人死亡的主要原因之一,给家庭和社会带来沉重负担。世界卫生组织认为自杀是严重的公共卫生事件,呼吁成员国建立国家自杀预防战略体系,在2030年将全球自杀率减少三分之一。论文通过文献检索方法,从自杀风险因素筛查、自杀筛查工具、筛查过程和自杀筛查效力4个方面分析2000~2020年间世界各国现有的青少年和年轻成人自杀预警系统的研究进展,旨在为学校、医院和社区与青少年自杀相关专业人员提供借鉴,为我国建立预防自杀体系提供思路。

Suicide is one of the leading causes of death among adolescents and young adults and brings a heavy burden of disease to families and society. The World Health Organization identifies suicide as a serious public health event and calls on member countries to establish a nationwide strategy of suicide prevention to reduce the global suicide rate by one-third by 2030. This article analyzed the studies on the progress of suicide early warning systems for adolescents and young adults in countries around the world from 2000 to 2020 in four aspects: the screening of suicide risk factors, the tools of suicide screening, screening process, and the effectiveness of suicide screening. This review aimed to provide a reference for professionals on adolescents suicide in schools, communities, and hospitals and provided ideas for establishing a national strategy of suicide prevention in China.