聊城市老年女性膳食模式与抑郁症状的关系

Association between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms among Chinese elderly women

目的探讨聊城市老年女性膳食模式与抑郁症状之间的关联。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法于2017年4月至5月选取聊城市城区、郊区及农村共707名60岁及以上的老年女性。膳食摄入通过简化半定量食物频率问卷获取;抑郁症状的评估通过简版中文老年抑郁量表(GDS-15)。膳食模式的获取使用因子分析方法,根据因子得分将调查对象分为T1~T3组;多因素Logistic回归分析膳食模式与抑郁症状间的关系。结果最终纳入研究的610名老年女性中,有抑郁症状的共102人(16.7%)。通过因子分析共获得3种膳食模式,分别是优质蛋白模式、素食模式与蛋-酒-谷物模式。Logistic回归分析结果显示,与优质蛋白模式T1组相比,T3组的抑郁症状发生风险更低(OR=0.48,95%CI:0.24~0.94;P=0.028);素食模式T3与T1组相比,抑郁症状发生风险更低(OR=0.46,95%CI:0.24~0.87;P=0.015),这些关联独立于混杂因素。未发现蛋-酒-谷物模式与抑郁症状之间的统计学关联。结论优质蛋白模式和素食模式可能对抑郁症状的发生具有保护作用,本研究结果可以为老年人抑郁症的膳食预防提供参考。

Objective To explore the association between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms among Chinese elderly women.Methods With cluster random sampling method,707 elderly women over 60 years were recruited from the urban,suburban,and rural areas of Liaocheng from April to May 2017.Their dietary intakes were surveyed with a simplified semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire(FFQ),and depressive symptoms were assessed with a simplified Chinese version of Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS-15).According to the factor score of each dietary pattern,the subjects were divided into T1,T2 and T3 groups.The association between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms was analyzed with multivariate Logistic regression.Results Among the 610 subjects who were finally recruited in the study,102(16.7%)had depressive symptoms.Three dietary patterns were identified,including high-quality protein pattern,vegetarian pattern and egg-alcohol-cereal pattern.Multivariate Logistic regression showed in the high-quality protein pattern,T3 group had a significantly lower risk of depressive symptoms than T1 group(OR=0.48,95%CI:0.24-0.94;P=0.028).In the vegetarian pattern,the T3 group had a significantly lower risk of depressive symptoms than T1 group(OR=0.46,95%CI:0.24-0.87;P=0.015).These associations were independent of the confounding factors.No statistical association was found between egg-alcohol-cereal pattern and depressive symptoms.Conclusion The high-quality protein pattern and vegetarian pattern may have a protective effect on the occurrence of depressive symptoms among the elderly.The results of this study can provide reference for prevention of depression with diets in the elderly.