近代来华西人文化视阈中的衍圣公形象新探

New Probe into the Image of the Holy Duke Constructed by Western Visitors in the Late Qing Dynasty and Republican China from the Cultural Perspective

在中国历史上,作为孔子故里的山东曲阜一直被视为“圣地”,受到了来华西人的极大关注。自近代《天津条约》允许西人进入中国内陆开始,越来越多的来华西人来到曲阜,近距离观察和拜见孔氏家族后裔衍圣公。近代西人眼中的衍圣公形象既具有强烈的东方性,又具有强烈的西方性。双方在这段特殊历史时期、特定地点所展开的面对面接触,丰富了西方人原本只停留在书本中对于孔氏家族及后裔的认知,促进了他们的认知从想象层面到实际接触体验的转变。来华西人对衍圣公的形象建构,随着历史演变出现了阶段性的差异。

In Chinese history,Qufu of Shandong Province,home town of Confucius,has always been regarded as a"holy land"and has been attracting great attention from Western visitors.Since the year 1858 when the Treaty of Tientsin was signed,which allowed foreigners to enter the interior of China,more and more Westerners obtained the real opportunities to visit Qufu in person so that they could observe and call on the Holy Duke,the descendant of the Kung family.The image of the Holy Duke presented in the records of the modern Westerners showed both strong oriental and western features.The face-to-face contact between the two sides in this special historical period and location enriched the Westerners’understanding of the Kung family and its descendants that used to stay only in books,and promoted the transformation of their knowledge from imagination to actual contact experience.The image construction of the Holy Duke by Western visitors has shown periodic differences with the evolution of history.