网络舆情泛道德化:伴生危害、形成逻辑与治理策略

Popularization of Network Public Opinion:Associated Hazards,Formation Logic and Governance Strategies

在互联网加持的快信息时代,重大突发事件容易引发网络舆情的泛道德化,给国家治理带来危害,包括加剧公共治理难度、弱化公众理性思考力、导致舆论监督失焦等。泛道德化是思维、环境、机制等多方面要素在网络舆论场中互相影响的产物,其表征为当事人身份标签化、叙述表达偏见化、评价标尺非理性化、情绪抒发负面化等。公众心态受失德事件引发、媒介推波助澜而走向群体“极化”,技术机制的缺陷造成网络舆论的弱把关,最终形成网络舆情的泛道德化现象。应建立由政府主导、纳入公众参与、增强多元协同的治理机制,包括:增强治理主体多元化,寻求泛道德化舆情治理的价值共识;搭建多元主体德育交流平台,建立泛道德化舆情协同治理机制;构建智能化道德引领平台,合理开拓泛道德化舆情治理中的技术赋能。

Major incidents are prone to provoke the pan-moralism of network public opinion in this fast information age,bringing harm to the governance of the state,including making public management harder,impairing the public ability of critical thinking and deviating the supervision on public sentiment.Pan-moralism is generated from the network public opinion field where different thoughts,environments,systems and other factors affect each other and it can be manifested as labeling the identity of people who experienced the incidents,expressing opinions with prejudice,commenting by irrational standards and venting emotions negatively,etc..Triggered by immoral behaviors in major incidents,public mindsets are polarized by the agitation of the media.Flaws in systems and technology make weaker the monitoring mechanism of the online public opinion,eventually giving rise to the pan-moralism of network public opinion.Firstly,a governing mechanism led by the government with public participation and multi-faceted coordination needs to be established.Specifically,the governing entity ought to consist of different parties to avoid a single-valued tendency in managing the pan-moralism of public opinions.Next,a platform on which different parties can exchange opinions on moral education needs to be built as a coordinated mechanism for governing the pan-moralism of public opinions.Finally,an intelligent moralization leading platform needs to be created to rationally develop technological empowerment in the governance of the pan-moralism of network public opinion.