不同类型滑坡涌浪波爬坡的实验研究

Experimental Investigation on Run-up of Different Types of Landslide Waves

该文采用二维水槽实验对不同类型滑坡涌浪波的爬坡特性进行了研究,对涌浪波的类型、对不同类型涌浪波波速与水深和波长等关系进行了分析。并分析了不同类型涌浪波爬坡破碎情况及判别方法,对不同类型涌浪波的爬坡高度与已有经验公式进行了对比,对公式的精度及适用范围进行了分析。结果表明:滑坡涌浪波首波表现出不同的波浪类型,主要为浅水波至中等水深波范围,其中耗散涌波为强非线性波,其波速大于孤立波波速;非线性过渡波波速接近于孤立波波速;弱非线性震荡波波速接近于线性波理论波速。非线性过渡波和弱非线性震荡波可采用已有的破碎判别方法判别其爬坡破碎情况。但已有的爬高预测公式不能适用于所有类型滑坡涌浪波爬坡预测,特别是对于弱非线性震荡波,其预测精度均较低,对此未来需要进一步展开研究。

Two-dimensional flume experiments are carried out to study the run-up characteristics of different types of landslide waves.The types of landslide waves,the relations between wave speed of different types of waves and water depth,wavelength are analyzed.The breaker types of different types of waves and prediction criteria are analyzed.Comparisons of the run-up heights of different types of landslide waves with the existing empirical formulas are performed,and the accuracy and ranges of application of the formulas are analyzed.The results show that the leading wave of landslide waves displays different wave types,mainly in the range of shallow water wave and intermediate water depth wave.The dissipative transient bore is a strong nonlinear wave,and its phase speed is greater than that of solitary wave.The phase speed of nonlinear transition wave is close to that of solitary wave;the phase speed of weakly nonlinear oscillatory waves is close to the theoretical phase speed of linear wave.The existing breaker type prediction criteria can be used correctly for the nonlinear transition wave and weak nonlinear oscillatory waves.The existing run-up prediction formulae cannot be used for the run-up height prediction of all types of landslide waves,especially for weak nonlinear oscillation waves,the accuracy of the formulae is low,which still need further study.