渤海及辽河口湿地海域风暴潮过程的数值模拟研究

Numerical simulation of storm surge process in Bohai Sea and Liaohe Estuary wetland

近岸潮间带湿地分布有盐沼植物,这些植被具有衰减波能、减少潮汐和波浪对岸线及岸堤的侵蚀程度,以及有效降低海洋灾害损失等重要作用。基于非结构三角形网格,该文采用有限体积法建立了深度平均二维浅水数值模型,应用Roe格式求解界面通量,并引进干湿边界技术处理风暴潮和涨潮落潮等引起的复杂动态边界问题。在动量方程的源项中加入植物拖曳力来表达植被对水流的阻碍作用,首先对孤立波和长周期波在斜坡海岸的传播进行了分析和验证;其次采用Jelesniansca 65台风模型计算9711号台风"温妮"过境期间北黄海及渤海海域的风场和气压场的变化过程,进而数值探究了9711号台风对研究海域水位和流场结构的影响;最后讨论了9711号台风"温妮"期间辽河口红海滩湿地水域风暴潮的陆地入侵和增减水特征。

The coastal intertidal wetlands are distributed with salt marsh plants, which have important functions such as attenuating wave energy, reducing the degree of tidal and wave erosion on the shoreline and bank, and effectively reducing the loss of marine disasters. Based on the unstructured triangular mesh, the finite volume method is used to establish the depth average two-dimensional shallow water numerical model. The Roe scheme is used to solve the interface flux, and the dry and wet boundary technology is introduced to deal with the complex dynamic boundary problems caused by storm surge and tide. Plant drag force is added to the source term of the momentum equation to express the obstruction of vegetation on the water flow. Firstly,the propagation of solitary wave and long period wave on the slope coast is analyzed and verified. Secondly, the Jelesniansca 65 typhoon model was used to calculate the changes of wind and pressure fields in the North Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea during the transit of Typhoon 9711 " Winnie ", and then the influence of Typhoon 9711 on the water level and flow field structure in the study area is investigated. Finally, the characteristics of storm surge land invasion and water increase or decrease in the wetland waters of Liaohe Estuary Pink Beach during Typhoon 9711 "Winnie" are discussed.