漂浮的建筑与公共空间的创造

Floating Buildings and the Creation of Public Spaces

由于巴西的殖民历史和20世纪对高速公路建设的侧重,巴西城市在公共空间建设方面表现较为薄弱。与此同时,早期受柯布西耶影响,巴西发展出了享誉世界的现代建筑风格。柯布西耶推崇底层架空支柱,建筑仿佛悬空在地面之上;而在巴西的建筑实践中,许多建筑的底层因此变成了广场。这些空间虽位于私有土地上,却被作为公共空间供市民共享。这种建筑与城市的紧密联系促进了巴西一种特殊的形式美学的发展。这种美学倾向于创造开阔无垠、几乎不设柱的大型空间,并寻求在大跨度中实现空间的自由延展,是一种以建造公共空间为基底,追求轻盈与变化的建筑美学。

Given its colonial past and an emphasis throughout the 20th century on the car traffic of expressways,the constructed public spaces are far from enough in Brazilian cities.At the same time,Brazil has developed modern architecture of world-renowned quality under the initial influence of Le Corbusier,who proposed the widespread use of pilotis,which are a set of columns that raise buildings up from the ground.Thus,in Brazilian architecture,many of the ground floo rs of buildings on private land end up becoming plazas,and being offered for the city's collective use as public spaces.This connection between architecture and the city eventually favors the development of formal poetics in Brazil,increasingly prone to the release of these large spaces without any spatial restrictions,which favored the pursuit of large open spans with minimum columns.So arises an aesthetic of fluctuation and lightness,which comes from the desire for public spaces.