从“集庙议事”到“庙产投变” 广州西关街坊的空间组织、形态与演变研究

From Temples for Rallying to Auction Subjects Spatial Organization,Morphology,and Evolution of Kaifong in Sai Kwan,Canton

“街坊”,既是清代广州城市空间的基本单元,也是基层社会的组织方式。一个街坊空间单元即为一个治安自治区域,以街闸作为边界,以街庙作为举行公共活动的场所;同庙、同街闸就属于同一街坊。受街坊的形成时间和功能需求的影响,广州西关的街坊形态多样。清中期新兴居住区的开发,建构了“南北主街+东西支巷”的街坊“空间模型”,深刻塑造了西关的交通组织和空间形态。在民国时期城市改良的浪潮中,广州庙产投变、开辟马路等活动弱化了西关街坊组织的功能,重塑了西关的城市景观,奠定了今日西关旧城的空间格局。

The term Kaifong refers to the basic unit of urban space,as well as the organizational form of a grassroots community in Canton(today's Guangzhou)during the Qing dynasty.A spatial unit of Kaifong was a block of security autonomous area where the entry gates separating it from the outside and the street temple served as the rallying place of public events.That is to say,neighbors sharing the same street temple and gates of entry could be regarded as belonging to the same Kaifong.Given the different times of advent and functions of Kaifong,their morphologies varied from one another and finally gave rise to the spatial model with a north-south main street and several east-west branch lanes,which profoundly shaped Sai Kwan's traffic infrastructure and morphology.However,in the urban modernization drive during the Republic of China era(1911-1949),the activities of temple auctioning and road building in Canton weakened the function of Kaifong,thus changing Sai Kwan's urbanscape and defining the spatial structure of today's Sai Kwan old town.