消防设备视角下的中国早期超高层建筑设计模式演变 以20世纪80年代深圳国际贸易中心大厦为例

Evolution of Super High-Rise Building Design from the Perspective of Fire-Fighting Equipments A Case Study of the Shenzhen International Trade Centre in the 1980s

消防安全是超高层建筑设计的核心问题,消防设备是消防设计的技术基础。文章从消防设备视角出发,阐明消防设备对建筑高度发展的关键影响,揭示救援设备和供水设备对超高层建筑设计模式的控制作用,并选取深圳典型超高层建筑国际贸易中心大厦为例,以消防安全为出发点,分析供水系统对超高空间避难层设计、自动喷淋对超大无柱标准层设计的影响过程,推演中国早期超高层建筑在规范尚不完备、技术存在制约的背景下实现空间尺度突破的演变历程。文章为解析同类型建筑设计案例提供一种可行的路径,为推动后续中国20世纪建筑遗产名录的技术价值评定由传统的建构价值转向复杂结构和建成环境调控价值提供重要支撑。

Fire safety is the prime focus of the design of super high-rise buildings,while fire-fighting equipment is the technical basis of fire-fighting design.With this in mind,the article states fire-fighting equipment's key influence on the growing height of buildings,revealing the critical roles that rescue and water supply equipment play in the design mode of super high-rise buildings.Citing the example of the International Trade Center,a typical super high-rise in Shenzhen,it finds out how water supply systems influence the design of refuge floors in super high-rises and how automatic sprinklers impact the design of super-large columnless standard floors from the standpoint of fire-fighting safety;on this basis,it figures out the evolution process that early super high-rise buildings in China sought to expand spatial scales despite a lack of norms and technological constraints.Such an effort aims to blaze a feasible path for studying architectural designs of the same type.It is a move that brings about multiple benefits:to support subsequent assessment of the technological value of the buildings on China.s 20th Century Architectural Heritage List,to fuel the transition from the value of traditional construction to that of complex structure,and to incentivize built environment regulations.