机器,在机械与机巧之外 20世纪中叶鄂、川粮仓的建筑学观察

Machine,Beyond Mechanism and Ingenuity An Architectural Observation on Granaries in Hubei and Sichuan in the Mid-20th Century

文章基于建筑技术史视角,以20世纪中叶鄂、川粮仓建筑作为近现代中国粮政管理空间样本,运用建筑测绘、文献查阅与口述访谈等方法,梳理其尚未引起业界足够关注的建筑技术特征。研究聚焦空间效率问题,剖析其建造模式的环境适应性与环境调控的目标针对性,进而揭示穿斗式构架的天然优势,指出这批基于经验体系的粮仓建筑技术水平几乎达到前工业时代的顶峰——本身即“机械”且充盈着“机巧”,却也面临着效率瓶颈。20世纪50年代新中国全面学苏联,建立建筑物理学科并开启环境调控定量分析,中国建筑现代转型就此来到分水岭,粮仓建筑也相应地逐步引入苏式仓和机电设备,进入机器时代。

In this study,the architectural features of mid-20th-century granary buildings in Hubei and Sichuan are examined from the perspective of the history of architectural technology.Utilizing methods such as architectural surveys,literature reviews,and interviews,the research delineates their architectural characteristics.The study evaluates the adaptability of their building modes and the specificity of their environmental control,emphasizing the"mechanism"and"ingenuity"in traditional granaries.A critical assessment of spatial efficiency and environmental control highlights the challenges in enhancing the efficiency of these granaries.Since the 1950s,influenced by the Soviet Union,China built up its own discipline of building physics and launch quantitative analysis of environmental control,which marked a notable stride in efficiency and signified China's transition into a"machine"era.Consequently,Soviet-style granaries and advanced mechanical ventilation have been introduced in China.