建筑竞图与中国固有式探索 上海“市政新屋”方案诞生刍议

Design Competition and Exploration of Chinese Inherent Style Study on the Birth of the Shanghai"New Municipal House"Proposal

1927年以后,当时的国民政府启动了建设新上海特别市政府的计划,作为“大上海计划”之重要部分的“市政新屋”的设计竞图是这一建设活动中最具代表性的事件。近代上海市政中心建设最终依靠“中国固有样式”的展示,成为宣示民族自信的标志。上海市政新屋的诞生代表了市政建筑在构筑新民族形象中之作用的复杂性与矛盾性。文章通过回溯近代上海市政新屋竞图的历史,梳理了在市政新屋的方案比选过程中民族性与现代性、功能与形式、内容与表达等错综复杂的矛盾诉求在决定最终入选方案中的冲突。最后,文章探讨了竞图作为一种学术讨论方式在探索现代中国建筑样式中的作用与意义。

After 1927,the Republic of China government launched a plan to build a new civic zone for the new Shanghai Special Municipality.As the centerpiece of the"Greater Shanghai Plan,"the design competition for the"New Municipal Houses"was the most representative event in this plan.The completed Shanghai municipal center,relying on the display of"Chinese Inherent Style,"became a symbol of national confidence.The birth of the new municipal facilities in Shanghai represents the complexity and contradiction of the role of municipal buildings in demonstrating a new national image.By referring back to the planning history of the New Municipal Houses in Shanghai,this paper sorts out the conflicts between nationality and modernity,function and form,content and expression in the process of scheme comparison in deciding the winning scheme.Finally,the article discusses the role and significance of competition as a way of intellectual discussion in exploring the architectural style of modern China.