智慧司法的伦理风险及其应对

The Ethical Risk of Intelligent Justice and Its Countermeasures

智慧司法是中国式现代化、数字中国战略的重要组成部分,主要目的是在以更具技术理性的人工智能与大数据手段助力实现类案类判的同时,保障个案正义,提升司法公信力与社会治理效能,构建法官职业共同体,促进司法现代化。但是,智慧司法的技术局限性与现有制度的强约束力,易导致其在个案裁判中丢失伦理要素,从而引发法官与公众的司法公正观之间隙处于异化状态的伦理风险,折损司法公信力,产生技术应用悖论。因此,必须以法治机制严格控制智慧司法中的伦理风险。应当明确司法人民性的基本立场,确立数字时代中法官的主体地位与司法的社会效能原则,优化数据库运行模式,增加数据库中的非正式法源,明晰适用法外论证的具体情形,保障法官自由裁量权与智慧司法的场域化适用,修正智慧司法机制中法官司法的程序与方法。

Intelligent justice is an important part of Chinese-style modernization and digital China strategy.The main purpose of intelligent justice is to realize similar case similar verdict and to improve case justice through artificial intelligence and big data methods with more technical ration.It has a series of significant contemporary significance,such as enhancing judicial credibility and social governance efficiency,building a professional community of judges,promoting judicial modernization,and improving the level of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics.However,the technical limitations of intelligent justice and the constraint force of existing system can easily lead to the loss of ethical elements in case adjudication.Consequently,the alienation of the judicial fairness view between the judges and the public arises,leading to the compromise of judicial credibility and the paradox of technological application.To control the ethical risks in intelligent justice with legal mechanism,it is necessary to clarify the basic standpoint of the People's nature of justice,establish the subject status of judges in the digital age and the principle of judicial social effectiveness,optimize the operation mode of database,and add informal sources of law to the database.Besides,clarifying the specific situation of extrajudicial argumentation,guaranteeing the judge's discretion and the application field of intelligent justice,and revising the procedures of judges'justice in intelligent justice are also essential methods.