刑法中原因自由行为的例外模式——基于中国实践的思考

The Practice of the Exception Mode of Actio Libera in Causa of Criminal Law in China——Study Based on Chinese Practice

针对原因自由行为的处罚模式,理论上存在的分歧主要围绕对实行行为定型性的松绑,以及对同在性原则的松绑这两条路径展开。我国学者在论述相关问题时,鲜有研究者深入研究我国司法精神病鉴定规范和实践,尤其是对于例外模式的关注不足。通过对司法精神病鉴定以及审判实践的分析,可以发现我国已经开始采取例外模式。基于该模式的正当性和不足,有必要对该模式进行理论整合和修正,除了基于法益侵害原则对责任能力的拟制条件做出更进一步的限制之外,还应将拟制后的责任能力统一限定为限制刑事责任能力,从而避免刑罚过于严苛。

In view of the punishment mode of actio libera in causa,the theoretical differences mainly focus on two paths:loosening the requirements of stereotyped behavior and the principle of simultaneity.When Chinese scholars discuss relevant issues,few researchers deeply study the norms and practice of forensic psychiatric identification in China,especially there is the lack of attention to the exception model.Through the analysis of forensic psychiatric identification and trial practice,it can be found that China has begun to adopt the exception model.Based on the legitimacy and shortcomings of this model,it is necessary to integrate and revise the theory.In addition to further limiting the fiction of the capacity of criminal responsibility based on the principle of infringement of legal interests,we should also confine the result of that fiction into limited capacity of criminal responsibility in order to prevent the penalty from being too severe.