刑事诉讼构造的系统化研究——兼析传统“三方诉讼构造”对刑事诉讼实践的分析缺陷

A Systematic Study of the Structure of Criminal Procedure——Analyzing the Defects of the Traditional "Three-Party Litigation Structure" in the Practice of Criminal Procedure

我国《刑事诉讼法》在修订过程中先后确立了刑事和解制度和认罪认罚从宽制度,但传统的"三方诉讼构造"理论无法准确描述、解释和分析两种制度下主体间的关系。从系统论的角度看,传统"三方诉讼构造"错误地将诉讼职能确立为要素,在结构上静态的位置安排忽略了主体间复杂的动态关系,在外部环境上忽略了刑事诉讼目的的多层次性,导致其整体功能受限。需要借助"复合诉讼主体""伙伴关系"等概念对刑事诉讼构造进行系统化的改善,让三角形、四边形、线段共存于动态的刑事诉讼构造中,以实现其整体功能的改善。

The criminal reconciliation system and the system of confession and punishment have been established in the revision ofthe criminal procedure law in China.From the perspective of system theory,the traditional"three-party litigation structure"wrongly establishes the litigation function as the element,allows the static position arrangement to annihilate the complex dynamicrelations among the subjects in the structure,and ignores the multi-level of the purpose of criminal litigation in the external environment,resulting in the limitation of its overall function.It is necessary to improve the structure of criminal procedure systematically by means of the concepts of"compound litigation subject"and"partnership".