非农活动是否扩大了农户内部收入差距?——基于赫克曼二阶段修正法的验证

Do Non-agricultural Activities Widen the Income Gap among Rural Households?——Based on Heckman's Two-stage Correction Method

利用2018年河南省农村劳动力流动调查数据,通过构建农户非农活动参与模型和收入方程,基于赫克曼二阶段修正法,考察了家庭成员非农活动对农户家庭收入的影响。研究发现,农户家庭成员中的劳动力数量、是否接受过相关培训、劳动力受教育年限、农户耕地面积、农户户主年龄等因素通过影响农户参与非农活动进而对农户家庭总收入产生显著影响。进一步模拟参与非农活动的农户假设不参与非农活动的农业活动总收入,进而计算模拟这种情况下的基尼系数,发现消除农户非农活动的影响后,农户家庭收入差距趋于缓解。研究认为,尽管农户非农活动日益普遍,然而非农活动对农户内部收入不平等状况的影响将显著扩大;基于当前农村现实,提高农户收入水平仍然是促进农村发展的根本途径。

Using the data from the 2018"the rural labor mobility survey in Henan Province",and through constructing a model and income equation of non-agricultural farmer participation,and based on Heckman's two-stage correction method,the study examines the non-agricultural activities of rural households and their income inequality in rural areas.The study found that factors such as the number of laborers in farm households,whether they have received relevant training,the number of years of labor force education,the farmer's cultivated area,and the age of the farmer's head have a significant impact on the total income of the farmer's household by affecting the farmer's participation in non-agricultural activities.Further simulating the farmer households participating in non-farm activities assuming total agricultural income that does not participate in non-farm activities,and then calculating the Gini coefficient after the simulation,found that after eliminating the impact of farmer non-farm activities,the farmer household income gap tends to ease.The study believes that with the increasing popularity of non-agricultural activities of farmers,although the impact of non-agricultural activities on the income inequality within farmers will increase,based on the current rural reality,raising the income level of farmers is still the fundamental way to promote rural development.