武山拉梢寺元代喇嘛塔艺术的风格特征

The Style Features of Lama Pagoda Art in the Yuan Dynasty in Wushan Lashao Temple

元朝,自忽必烈即位尊八思巴为国师后就奠定了藏传佛教的绝对地位。这一时期,随着藏传佛教的发展,藏式佛塔也逐渐盛行。武山水帘洞石窟群拉梢寺单元现留存有一定数量的元代泥塑喇嘛塔。关于水帘洞石窟群现存的元代泥塑喇嘛塔的研究,大致有通过喇嘛塔图像论述其所反映的藏传佛教、佛塔的传播以及藏传佛教对水帘洞石窟群的影响;^(①)或有谈及之所以以浮塑、石胎泥塑为主,且主要为喇嘛塔的两方面因素;^(②)赵世金的硕士学位论文《甘肃武山水帘洞石窟群研究》中也稍有提及。^(③)针对以上研究现状,笔者拟以武山水帘洞石窟群现存的元代泥塑喇嘛塔为研究对象,在前人研究的基础上,以佛塔实物为根据,结合历史背景、地方环境对其所表现的风格特征做一详细的考察与探讨。

As a typical representative of Tibetan pagoda,Lama pagoda is a unique architectural form of Tibetan Buddhism,which became popular due to the prosperity of Tibetan Buddhism in the Yuan Dynasty.There are a certain number of Lama towers of the Yuan Dynasty in the lashao Temple unit of the Shuiliandong Grottoes group in Wushan,which provides valuable data for us to study the spread and artistic expression of Tibetan Buddhism in the Yuan Dynasty.This paper attempts to sort out and summarize the relevant materials and physical objects of the Yuan Dynasty Lama tower of Wushan lashao temple,compare and analyze with the surrounding Tibetan pagodas in the same period,and summarize the style characteristics of the Yuan Dynasty Lama tower art of Wushan lashao temple.