《千字文》回鹘译本综考

A Comprehensive Research to the Old Uighur’s Translation of the Qianziwen

《千字文》作为传统蒙学读物,凝聚着古代人民在儿童教育启蒙方面的思想智慧。有关《千字文》的流传,研究表明它在中原和西北地区广受欢迎,仅敦煌文献计有《千字文》写卷百余,并对日本、韩国、越南等周边国家的童蒙文献产生影响。然而,鲜有专门研究揭示它在古代少数民族中流传的具体情况,涉及西夏文、回鹘文、藏文、满文等多文种。如:西夏文本《碎金》共有千字,编排方法、叙事列名的顺序与《千字文》相仿,^(①)存世西夏文佛经在卷首标示勒尼语《千字文》帙号;^(②)法国巴黎国家图书馆藏伯希和搜集的敦煌文献第3419号,有汉藏对音《千字文》残卷一种;^(③)日本早稻田大学藏有康熙年间翰林院编修、尤珍书写的满文本《千字文》。

At present,there are few studies to reveal the spreading of the Qianziwen in ancient ethnic minorities.Take the Old Uighur as an example,it was translated in the 13th and 14th century.There are 12 pieces of fragments published,covering 4 kinds of manuscripts,each presenting diff erent styles of writing.They mainly use literal translation,then transliteration to proper nouns and historical allusions.In addition,we also focuses on the peculiarity of vocabulary,sentence pattern and grammar,then Chinese characters.The spread of the Qianziwen reveals that the Old Uighur were deeply infl uenced by The Han,and that ethnic minorities had a strong psychological identity with the traditional Chinese language and culture.