尖顶帽胡俑的文化因素辨析——以关中唐墓出土的胡俑为中心

Analysis on the Cultural Factors of Hu Figurines Wearing Pointed Hats in the Tang Dynasty:Focusing on Hu Figurines Excavated from Tang Tombs in Guanzhong Area

胡俑是古俑中外形特殊而又引人注目的一类,其相貌与汉人迥异,穿着服饰特征鲜明,姿态生动夸张。胡人在隋唐时期主要指中亚、西亚一带的粟特人、波斯人,但广义上有时也将天竺人以及大食人和罗马人称作胡人。实际上,胡俑的族属界定较中古时期狭义的胡人概念要宽泛得多,甚至超过广义的胡人。除了“卷发黑身”、外表特异的昆仑奴被甄别叙述,非传统汉人形象的俑大抵皆可以笼统称之。所谓胡俑不仅包括“深目高鼻多须”的西域人,还包括相貌、装束与汉人卓然有别的北方游牧民族。有人因此提出蕃人俑的概念,以涵盖更广泛的族群,用来代替胡俑的名称。但因为胡俑的称谓早已约定俗成,故蕃人俑之名尚未为大众所接受。

The Hu figurines are a special and important category of ancient figurines,among which those wearing pointed hats are distinctive and striking.This paper briefly traces the origins of the pointed-hat figurines,focuses on the pointed-hat figurines excavated from Tang tombs in the Guanzhong area,summarises the evolution of their types,and explains the reasons for their change in relation to the historical facts of the Tang dynasty’s strategy for the West and the flourishing of the East-West traffic,as well as examining the connotations and significance of burying the Hu figurines.The figurines are artistic copies of foreign peoples who entered China,including elements of the Sogdiana and other peoples from the West,which are difficult to identify with certainty.This paper combines historical documents and pictorial material to analyse the multi-cultural aspects of the figurines in terms of appearance,custom and identity,and to explore the absorption of Tang culture by the Hu people and their influence on the social mores of the time.