中国文化西传的实例——敦煌“三兔共耳”图案流布考

Examples of the Spread of Chinese Culture to the West:The Spreading of the Pattern of“Three Rabbits Sharing Ears”in Dunhuang

敦煌石窟藻井图案是敦煌壁画中最为精美的部分,其中尤以散播于隋、唐、五代时期壁画中的“三兔共耳”图案最为引人注目。三兔共耳图案主体构成呈圆形,中心三只兔子以等边三角形的形式均匀分布在圆形中。三只兔子只有三只耳朵,两两共用一耳,呈顺时针或逆时针方向旋转奔跑、相互追逐,首尾相接,动感十足。从目前发布的各类资料来看,这一图案几乎分布于古丝绸之路沿线的亚欧大陆各地。

The“Three rabbits with ears”decorative patterns are widely distributed throughout the Eurasian continent.The earliest known examples of this pattern date from Mogao Caves,China,and from Western Europe and elsewhere.According to the time and distribution of the pattern,it appeared in northern Zhou Dynasty in China at the latest,and then spread to Central Asia,West Asia,Europe and other parts of Asia and Europe gradually.Based on the analysis of the Stone Jingtang Stele of Yunju Temple in Datang,the pattern of“Three rabbits with ears”is a great example of the spread of ancient Chinese culture to the West.