杂宝纹起源考——由佛教七宝图的演变说起

Textual Research on the Origin of Miscellaneous Treasure Pattern——On the Evolution of the Buddhist Treasure Picture

杂宝纹是中国古代的传统装饰纹样之一,由两种以上随意的宝物纹样组成,因常无定式,故称杂宝纹。其中涉及的宝物形象众多,元代有金铤、银锭、犀角、象牙、珊瑚、摩尼珠、圆钱、方胜、法螺、火轮等,明代又新增祥云、艾叶、卷书、笔、葫芦等,多作辅助性装饰,被广泛应用于瓷器、木器、织物、漆器、铜镜等物品之上,尤以瓷器中最为常见。1关于这种纹饰学界已多有研究,但是大多数学者都以瓷器上出现的杂宝纹为基点,围绕其个体定名、装饰特点等问题进行探讨2,关于杂宝纹的起源及演变方面的研究还不是很多。

The miscellaneous treasure pattern is derived from the Buddhist treasure picture.The Buddhist treasure picture was influenced by the barbarian’s commerce and trade tradition in the heyday of Tang Dynasty,and it also has strong realism and randomness.After it developed to the late Tang Dynasty,it gradually became stylized.In terms of the types of treasures and the shape of the images,it has been very close to the Miscellaneous treasure pattern.At the same time,influenced by the secularization of Buddhism,The Buddhist treasure gradually got rid of its original religious meaning and became a symbol of good fortune and was used in secular decoration.In the end of the Northern Song Dynasty,it was completely decorated to form a miscellaneous treasure pattern.