归义军首任节度使张议潮功德窟莫高窟第156窟的里程碑意义

The Milestone Significance of the Cave 156 of Mogao Grottoes which in Honor of Zhang Yichao,the First Commissioner of Guiyijun

莫高窟第156窟前室北壁墨书题记《莫高窟记》及其抄本藏经洞文献P.3720,是记载莫高窟佛窟营建的"里程碑"式文献,已得学界广泛认同,笔者也有专文论及1,相关的学术史在此不赘。《莫高窟记》题于"咸通六年正月十五日",以非常简洁的文字记载了莫高窟在咸通六年(865)之前的大事、要事,诸如有乐僔、法良开创之举,晋司空索靖题壁仙岩寺,隋僧善喜造讲堂,唐代有延载二年(实为证圣元年,695年)禅师灵隐共居士阴祖等造北大像,又开元年中僧处谚与乡人马思忠等造南大像,均是莫高窟营建里程碑式的事件,故晚唐人在书写《莫高窟记》时对这些重要的事件做了特别的记载,显示《莫高窟记》书写者在编撰时对莫高窟营建史轨迹的基本认识。

In the late period of Tang Dynasty,cave 156 of Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang was the cave in honor of Zhang Yichao.Zhang Yichao was the first commissioner of Guiyijun regime.And he was also the leader during the war overthrowing Tibetan and the initiator of a new chapter in Dunhuang history.Therefore,the cave in honor of Zhang Yichao would have different image contents or design ideas.At least,in the minds of Dunhuang people at that time,the cave 156 should be more unique than caves in honor of other people.For example,"The report of Mogao Grottoes"written in the north wall of the front room of cave 156,which was due to the unique relationship,indicated that the construction of cave 156 marked the beginning of a new era.Because of the existence of"The report of Mogao Grottoes"and the travel picture volume of Zhang Yichao and his wife,the milestone significance of cave 156 can not be easily denied.And the cave,as the initiator of the new era of Mogao Grottoes construction after Tibetan,strengthened this significance.Infuenced by the close relationship between Zhang Yichao and Buddhism,the position of cave 156 in the construction history of Mogao Grottoes was the product of the times.However,the influence of cave 156 on the different levels of cave construction to the Guiyijun period,which included dominant influence and recessive influence,is an interesting topic.At least,the political strengthening of Buddhist grottoes in the history of Mogao Grottoes has illustrated profoundly in cave 156.In addition,historical research always need to understand the problem dynamically.A static cave building space and the pictures which have become the historical memory often should be observed from a dynamic perspective,and there will be different historical enlightenment.The dynamic observation of cave 156 may be helpful for the study of Dunhuang Grottoes and images from the perspective of true history.All kinds of signs show that as the cave in honor of Zhang Yichao,cave 156 has an important milestone in the construction history of Mogao Grottoes.At the same time,with the completion of cave156,it also opened a new era of Mogao Grottoes construction,so it has important academic research value.