历仕三朝 备受信赖——回人哈铭与明前期北部边疆经略

Trusted by the Empero——The Relation between Ha Ming and the Northern Frontier in the Early Ming Dynasty

哈铭在明英宗北狩期间服侍左右,后来"哈铭从帝还,赐姓名杨铭"1,故哈铭又名杨铭。彼时,哈铭为明朝通事,而明代通事"初隶通政使司,通译语言文字"2,后隶于提督四夷馆。由于哈铭懂蒙古语,故能代明朝和蒙古传话,在蒙古和明朝之间起到了沟通和斡旋作用。哈铭在英宗(图1)北狩期间,不忘明朝,尽己所能维护明朝利益,在英宗最终得以回京上发挥了重要作用。哈铭回京之后,又历经天顺、正统、弘治三朝,在三朝边疆治理上发挥了重要作用。

Ha Ming is a Hui nationality in Ming Dynasty.There are different records about his nationality in historical materials.As an envoy of the Ming Dynasty,Haming went to Mongolia and was later detained.During the Tubao incident,Ha Ming was assigned to Emperor Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty because he was an envoy of the Ming Dynasty and knew Mongolian.When he was around Ming Yingzong,he actively mediated the relationship between the Ming Dynasty and Mongolia and stopped the Mongols from invading the Ming Dynasty.Therefore,after returning to Beijing,Ha Ming was continuously trusted by the Ming emperor and played an important role in the tributary trade and northern frontier management of the Ming Dynasty.Ha Ming’s experience reflects the characteristics of Hui people’s political career in Ming Dynasty.