汉代对外物质文化交流研究的西方视角

Studies on the Material Cultural Communication with the West in Han Dynasty in Western Scholarship

随着西汉时期通往西域道路的开通,汉代对外交往日益繁盛,正如《汉书·西域传》所述:"殊方异物,四面而至。"1在这种历史背景下,汉代物质文化的开放性达到了空前的高度。汉代物质文化受外来文化因素影响的深度和广度远超人们的想象。李零、林梅村、缪哲等中国学者都就外来文化对汉代艺术形象的影响进行过探讨。李零提出秦汉时期石刻艺术的大量出现,尤其是有翼神兽、狮子等石刻形象可能是受到欧亚草原在墓前立石传统的影响。

The paper concerns the main studies on the material cultural communication with the West in Han China.These studies mainly focus on the comparisons of the case studies in China and the West.The paper categorizes the communications into three types according to the varying levels of communication.The first type is the communication involving the borrowing of the foreign image to represent the local belief.The second type is the communication that included the borrowing of both the image and the thought underlying the image.At the same time,the borrowed image was adapted to the local demands.The third type is the communication that combined the local thoughts with the foreign thoughts and techniques.The borrowed thoughts and techniques were assimilated into the local culture and had lasting influence on the later generations.