两种养殖模式太湖鲂鲌肌肉营养特性及食用品质的比较分析

Comparative Analysis of Muscle Nutritional Characteristics and Edible Quality of(Culter alburnus ♀ × Megalobrama terminalis ♂)Under Two Culture Models

本研究测定了池塘内循环流水养殖(IPA模式)和常规池塘养殖(UPA模式)太湖鲂鲌(Culter alburnus♀×Megalobrama terminalis♂)[体质量分别为(741.21±90.81)g和(754.73±89.30)g]背部肌肉的常规营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸、矿物元素含量和质构特性,以比较二者肌肉营养特性和食用品质的差异。结果显示:IPA模式太湖鲂鲌肌肉中的粗蛋白含量、氨基酸总量(∑_(TAA))、必需氨基酸总量(∑_(EAA))、呈味氨基酸总量(∑_(DAA))和∑_(DAA)/∑_(TAA),均显著高于UPA模式(P<0.05),粗脂肪含量则显著低于UPA模式(P<0.05)。IPA模式太湖鲂鲌肌肉饱和脂肪酸(SFA)中的月桂酸(C12∶0)和硬脂酸(C18∶0),单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)中的棕榈油酸(C16∶0),以及多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)中的α-亚麻酸(C18∶3n3)、二十碳五烯酸(C20∶5n3,EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(C22∶6n3,DHA)均显著高于UPA模式(P<0.05)。两组鱼均含有丰富、均衡的矿物质元素,其中IPA模式钾(K)和锌(Zn)含量显著高于UPA模式(P<0.05)。IPA模式太湖鲂鲌肌肉的硬度、胶黏性、咀嚼性和弹性等均显著高于UPA模式(P<0.05)。结果表明:相较于传统池塘养殖,池塘内循环流水养殖模式的太湖鲂鲌具有低脂高蛋白、∑_(TAA)、∑_(DAA)和∑_(EPA+DHA)含量高及矿物质含量丰富均衡等高营养特性和风味鲜美、口感爽脆的食用品质,具有良好养殖开发前景。

The proximal nutrients,amino acid,fatty acid,and mineral element contents and texture properties of back muscles were determined in(Culter alburnus♀×Megalobrama.amblycephala♂)(Abbr.CM)cultured in circulating water ponds(IPA model)[body weights of(741.21±90.81)g]and usual pond aquaculture(UPA model)[body weights of(754.73±89.30)g]were measured to compare the differences in muscle nutritional properties and edible quality under the two farming modes.Results showed that there was significantly higher musclar crude protein content in in IPA model than that in UPA model(P<0.05),with the opposite case in crude fat.The CM had significantly higher calculated values of the total amount of amino acids(∑_(TAA)),essential amino acids(∑_(EAA)),delicious amino acids(∑_(DAA))and∑_(DAA)/∑_(TAA)in muscle from IPA model than the CM in UPA model(P<0.05).The contents of lauric acid(C12∶0)and stearic acid(C18∶0)belonging to saturated fatty acids(SFA),palmitic acid(C16∶0)belonging to monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA),andα-linolenic acid(C18∶3n3),eicosapentaenoic acid(C20∶5n3,EPA)and docosahexaenoic acid(C22∶6n3,DHA)belonging to polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA)were shown to be significantly higher in IPA model than those in UPA model(P<0.05).The CM in the two models had rich and balanced mineral elements,significantly higher potassium(K)and zinc(Zn)contents in the IPA culture model than those in the UPA model(P<0.05).In terms of the muscle texture characteristics,the hardness,gumminess,chewiness and springiness in muscle were significantly higher in IPA model compared with those in UPA model(P<0.05).In summary,these findings indicated that CM cultured in IPA model showed higher nutritional value compared with traditional UPA model,with promising prospects for development and promotion.