不同管理方式下秋季刺参养殖环境中菌群结构分析

Bacterial Flora in Sea Cucumber Culture Ponds Under Different Administration Methods in Autumn

2017年11月(秋季),在辽宁省大连市青堆子海域(N39.78°,E123.32°)的自然纳潮、微孔曝气和养水机调水3种管理方式的矩形海参(Apostichopus japonicus)养殖池塘中,按照《国家海洋调查规范》(GB/T12763)规定的方法采集水样和泥样,用高通量测序技术研究秋季不同水质调控方式下刺参养殖池塘水体和底泥中菌群群落结构特征。试验池塘面积为5.1 hm^(2),南深北浅,泥沙池底,实验期间各池塘不投饵和药。结果显示:三种池塘的底泥菌群多样性要高于水体中;养水机池塘水体中的菌群多样性高于其他两种池塘,微孔曝气池塘底泥中菌群多样性最高。水样和泥样中第一优势菌门都是变形菌门(Proteobacteria);次优势菌门有所不同,养水机、微孔曝气和自然纳潮池塘中,水样和泥样分别为:厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和绿湾菌门(Chloroflexi)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)。三种池塘内优势菌群群落构成相同,但其各自门、纲和属的相对丰度有所不同。本结果可为选择刺参养殖池塘的水质管理方式提供一定理论依据。

In order to analyze the characteristics of the bacterial community structure in the water and sediment in sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus)culture ponds with conventional management under different water quality regulation methods,the structure characteristics of the bacterial flora in the mud and water were investigated in three rectangular sea cucumber culture ponds of each 5.1 hm2 in Qingduizi coastal waters(N39.78°,E123.32°)in Dalian City,Liaoning Province,under three water quality regulation methods including natural tide,porous aeration and a water quality regulator in November 2017(autumn),by the methods specified in the National Oceanic Survey(GB/T12763),and through high-throughput sequencing technology.The results showed that there was higher diversity of the flora at bottom sludge in the three ponds than that in the water,with higher diversity of bacteria in the water in the water quality regulator pond than that in the other two ponds,and the maximal diversity of the bacteria in the bottom sludge in the microporous aerated pond.The first dominant bacterial phyla in water samples and sediment samples were both found to be Proteobacteria,and the secondary dominant bacterial phyla were different.The dominant bacterial phyla in the water samples and sediment samples were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in water quality regulator ponds,Bacteroidetes and Chloroflexi in natural tide ponds and Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in microporous aeration pond.The composition of the dominant bacterial flora was in the same in the three ponds,with different relative abundance in phylum,class and genus.The findings provide a theoretical basis for the management of sea cucumber breeding ponds.