鱼类卵母细胞减数分裂机制研究进展

A Review: Research Progress on Mechanism of Oocyte Meiosis in Fish

鱼类卵母细胞在成熟阶段,先停滞在减数第一次分裂的G2期末,即生发泡(Germinal vesicle,GV)期,在垂体促性腺激素,卵巢衍生生长因子和性类固醇的复杂协调作用下,卵母细胞重启减数第一次分裂,发育成初级卵母细胞后进行减数第二次分裂,受精激活并刺激一些重大变化,这些变化使受精卵完成从卵母细胞到胚胎的过渡并开始发育。卵母细胞从减数分裂的启动,减数第一次分裂受到阻滞到恢复过程中,其关联的信号通路一直是研究的热点及难点。哺乳动物及鸟类减数分裂调控机制研究较广泛和全面,鱼类的相关研究较少。本文系统通过描述调控鱼类卵母细胞减数分裂启动与停滞的信号通路;以及减数分裂特异性标记基因的研究进展,以期为进一步探讨鱼类卵母细胞减数分裂机制研究提供参考。

At maturation stage,fish oocytes will stagnate at the end of G2 stage in the first meiosis,i.e.germinal vesicle(GV)stage.In pituitary gonadotropins,ovarian derived growth factor and sex steroid under the coordinating role of oocytes restart reductional division for the first time,develop into performed after the primary oocyte meiotic division for the second time,fertilization to activate and stimulate some major changes,these changes make the fertilized egg to complete from oocytes to the transition of the embryo and begin development.The signaling pathways involved in the initiation of meiosis of oocyte,the stagnation of the first meiosis and the process of recovery had always been the hot and difficult topic in the field of reproductive research.There is relatively little research on meiosis regulation mechanism in fish,though meiosis regulation mechanism has studied widely and comprehensively in mammals and birds.Therefore,this study summarizes the signal pathways regulating the initiation and stagnation of meiosis in fish oocytes,and the specific marker genes of meiosis to provide fundamental theory and reference for the further study of meiosis mechanism in fish oocytes.