存疑不诉案件适用“排除合理怀疑”证明标准的问题及其解法——基于S省L市检察机关2019—2023年相关实践的调研

The Problems and Solutions of Applying the‘beyond Reasonable Doubt’Standard of Proof in Doubtful Non-prosecution——A Study Based on the Practice of Procuratorial Organ in L City,Province S,from 2019 to 2023

2012年,我国《刑事诉讼法》引入“排除合理怀疑”证明标准,并规定其为侦诉审各诉讼阶段的证明标准。该标准在审查起诉阶段的适用问题是关系诉与不诉的关键性问题,但目前对于该阶段的存疑不起诉案件如何适用“排除合理怀疑”证明标准的研究尚存空白。通过全国检察机关业务办案系统查询,S省L市检察机关在2019—2023年期间办理的存疑不诉案件共计49件。该样本案件的办理情况显示,一些检察官未恰当适用甚至滥用了“排除合理怀疑”证明标准,且据此形成的法律文书也不尽规范。因此,建议采取制定司法解释、明确“合理怀疑”成立条件等六个具体措施予以改进。

In 2012,China's Criminal Procedure Law introduced the standard of proof of‘beyond reasonable doubt’and stipulated that it shall be the standard of proof at all stages of litigation investigation,prosecution and trial.The application of‘beyond reasonable doubt’at the stage of prosecution is a key issue in relation to prosecution and non-prosecution,but the current research on the application of‘beyond reasonable doubt’to doubtful non-prosecution cases at this stage is basically in a blank area.Through the National Procuratorial organ Business Case Handling System,a total of 49 cases of doubtful non-prosecution handled by the procuratorial organ of L city,S province,during the period of 2019-2023 were counted.The study found that certain prosecutors had failed to properly apply or abused the‘beyond reasonable doubt’standard of proof,so the formed legal instruments are lack of standardization to some extent.Therefore,it is recommended to take six specific measures to improve the situation,such as formulating judicial interpretations and clarifying the conditions for the establishment of‘reasonable doubt’.