论认罪认罚制度中从宽的确定性——以主客观分层理论为视角

On the Certainty of Leniency in the System of Pleading Guilty and Accepting Punishment——From the Perspective of Subjective and Objective Stratification Theory

认罪认罚制度中“从宽结果”“从宽因素“”从宽评价主体”等因素具有特殊性。这些特殊性使得“从宽”的确定性问题需要特别予以关注和澄清。从法律文本来看,“从宽”具有不确定性。以主客观分层理论为视角,即在区分主观层面(评价)与客观层面(结果)基础上,就主观层面的确定性而言,认罪认罚“应当从宽”,只不过,在客观层面的确定性上,它可能表现出一种“未必从宽”之样貌。对认罪认罚制度中“可以”从宽的规定,应按照上述“主观层面应当从宽,客观层面未必从宽”的理论逻辑来理解和适用,而不应简单地理解为“可以从宽,也可以不从宽”。

In the system of pleading guilty and accepting punishment,there are some special characteristics of"leniency results","leniency factors"and"subject of leniency evaluation".Due to those characteristics,the"certainty"of"leniency"needs special attention and clarification.From the perspective of the legal text,"leniency"result is uncertain.And theoretical interpretations of the legal text are diverse.From the perspective of subjective and objective stratification theory,in other words,on the basis of the distinction between the subjective respect(evaluation)and the objective respect(results),the result of pleading guilty and accepting punishment"should be lenient"on the subjective respect of certainty,only it may show a"may not be lenient"appearance on the objective respect of certainty.The provisions that it"may"be lenient in pleading guilty and accepting punishment system should be understood and applied in accordance with the above theoretical logic that"the subjective respect should be lenient,and the objective respect may not be lenient",rather than simply understood in the logic that it"may be lenient,or may not be lenient".