我国新精神活性物质类毒品列管模式的缺陷及其弥补

The Defects and Remedies of the New Psychoactive Substance Drug Management Model in China

我国新精神活性物质类毒品的列管模式以列举式(清单式)为主、整类列管式为辅。列举式列管充分体现了罪刑法定原则,整类列管解决了某类物质被不断“变造”的问题。两类列管方式在新精神活性物质类毒品还未蔓延扩散的阶段尚能满足禁毒工作需要,但在当前新精神活性物质类毒品高频出现的情况下则暴露出一些缺陷。列举式列管无法应对新精神活性物质类毒品更新速度快带来的挑战,整类列管方式存在制约医疗、科研等事业发展的隐忧,新精神活性物质类毒品列管目录《麻醉药品和精神药品品种目录》和《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品管制品种增补目录》在法律效力上存在争议,部分新精神活性物质缺少折算标准以及折算标准有冲突。应增加临时列管方式,树立谨慎使用整类列管方式的理念,合并列管目录或制定《新精神活性物质管理条例》,制定统一的《毒品数量折算表》,同时加强毒品替代物的管理,以完善列管模式为着力点推动禁毒工作的高质量发展。

The management model of new psychoactive substance drugs in China is mainly based on the list format,supplemented by the whole category management format.The Enumeration pattern fully embodies the principle of legality in crime and punishment,and the whole category management format solves the problem of a certain type of substance being constantly"altered".The two types of management methods can still meet the needs of drug control work in the stage where new psychoactive substance drugs have not yet Spread and diffusion,but they have exposed some shortcomings in the current situation where new psychoactive substance drugs frequently appear.The Enumeration pattern cannot cope with the challenges brought by the rapid update of new psychoactive substance drugs.The whole category management format has hidden concerns that restrict the development of medical,scientific research,and other industries.There is controversy over the legal effectiveness of the new psychoactive substance drug management directory,the"Catalogue of Anesthetic and Psychotropic Drug Varieties"and the"Supplementary Catalogue of Non medicinal Narcotics and Psychotropic Drug Controlled Varieties",Some new psychoactive substances lack conversion standards and have conflicting conversion standards.We should increase temporary management methods,establish the concept of cautious use of whole category management methods,merge management catalogs or formulate the"Regulations on the Management of New Psychoactive Substances",formulate a unified"Drug Quantity Conversion Table",and strengthen the management of drug substitutes,with a focus on improving the management model to promote high-quality development of drug control work.