劳动关系变化、劳动者需求与社会保险制度改革

Transformation of Labor Relations, Worker’s Needs and Social Insurance Reform

随着就业形态日益多样化,传统的社会保险安排难以满足需求。我国已在探讨将劳动者分为符合确立劳动关系的、不完全符合确立劳动关系的和自由职业者三类,社会保险制度也需相应改革。本文回顾了过去40多年我国劳动关系变化的逻辑及其对社保改革的推动,指出新就业形态的特征给社保制度带来的挑战。在此基础上,论证了新就业形态劳动者对社保需求的差异性及对多维度劳动者权益的诉求。本文提出了就业形态多样化下社保改革的四点建议,即在明确企业责任的基础上,给予劳动者选择就业身份的权利;完善不完全符合确立劳动关系的劳动者工伤保险安排;促进在转换劳动关系类型时的社会保险待遇衔接;建设多支柱、保障公平的具有中国特色的社会保险制度。

With the increasing diversification of employment forms,the traditional social insurance system has difficulty in satisfying people’needs.According to some discussions,workers can be divided into three categories:employees,self-employed and those in between.The social insurance system also needs to be reformed accordingly.This paper reviews the transformation of labor relations in China over the past 40 years and its impact on social insurance reforms,and points out the challenges brought by new forms of employment to the social insurance system.Then,the paper analyzes the social insurance needs of workers in new forms of employment and the protection of their rights.Four suggestions are put forward.First,giving workers the right to choose employment status on the basis of clearly defining employers’responsibility;second,improving the work-related injury insurance for workers in non-standard forms of employment;third,increasing the portability of social insurance benefits across employment forms;fourth,building a multi-pillar and fair social insurance system with Chinese characteristics that ensures fairness.