论公共养老金待遇水平的适当性

Adequacy Issues in Social Security Pensions

本文从微观经济的角度阐述公共养老金待遇水平适当性的基本内容。首先我们给出简单的、被广泛使用的、传统的公共养老金待遇水平适当性的定义。这个定义与欧盟提出的三维复杂概念不同。然后,我们解释待遇水平适当程度的参考标准是如何因以下因素的不同而变化的。这些因素包括收入水平、工作年数与退休后年数的长短、净值与粗值、退休后的早期阶段与晚期阶段、独居家庭与夫妇同居家庭。此外还讨论缴费者与待遇领取者之间消费支出内容的不同以及互助共济与个人自立理念之间的平衡是如何左右参考标准制定的。

This paper demonstrates the basic contents of social security pension adequacy from a micro-economic perspective.We first propose the simplest widely-used traditional definition of social security pension adequacy which is dif ferent from the 3-dimensional complex concept proposed by the EU.Then we explain how the reference standard of adequacy changes across earning levels,dif ferent lengths of working years and retired years,between net and gross income,between early and later stages after retirement,between individual and married couple unit.Also,we discuss the factors which govern the reference standard:dif ferent components of consumption expenses between pension contributors and beneficiaries,and balance between solidarity and self-reliance.