基于X射线相衬CT的微脉管三维成像研究进展

Research Progress of Three-Dimensional Microvascular Imaging Based on X-Ray Phase-Contrast Computed Tomography

组织内的微脉管形态变化被认为是多种疾病进展中最重要的病理生理学特征之一。X射线相衬CT(X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography,PCCT)利用X射线穿过物体时引起的相位变化作为成像衬度,它能够在不注射造影剂的情况下高分辨率地呈现生物软组织内的三维(three-dimensional,3D)微脉管结构,并可通过精准的3D定量评估进一步揭示疾病进程中微脉管系统的适应性改变。本文综述了近年来相衬CT技术在肝脏、大脑、脊髓、肾脏和肺等软组织的微脉管系统成像中的研究进展,并总结了各疾病模型中与脉管异常相关的病理变化,为微脉管系统的3D可视化和定量分析提供了新的显微影像学检查工具。

Microvascular morphological changes in tissues are considered to be one of the most important pathophysiological features in the progression of many diseases.X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography(PCCT),which utilizes the phase shifts of X-rays passing through the object to generate image contrast,can detect three-dimensional(3D)microvasculature in biological soft tissue with high resolution without injecting contrast agent,and further reveal the dynamic adaptation of the microvascular system in disease progression through accurate 3D quantitative evaluation.The current review focuses on the recent progress of PCCT in microvasculature imaging of liver,brain,spinal cord,kidney,lung and other soft tissues,and summarizes the pathological changes related to vascular abnormalities in various disease models,providing a new microscopic imaging tool for 3D visualization and quantitative analysis of microvasculature.