中华民族共同体的经验研究:何以必要与何以可能

The Empirical Study of Community for the Chinese Nation:Necessity and Possibility

学术界围绕中华民族共同体展开的研究存在政策解读多、逻辑推导多和宏大叙事多这“三多”特点。相应的,事实调查、个案积累和深入分析这类经验研究则显得相当的不足。当下,推进经验研究是中华民族共同体建设实践之急需,也是中华民族共同体理论研究之必需。在中华民族共同体研究中推进民族学/人类学的经验研究是必要的,是可能的,也是大有可为的。同时,中华民族共同体研究也要求民族学/人类学走出旧有的学术范式的桎梏,改变旧有的思维方式,在研究视角、研究思维以及学科定位等方面作出转换,从初民社会范式转向复杂社会范式,从原始主义转向现代主义,从实体性思维走向关系性思维。同时,在研究方法上也要作出一些调整,走出封闭的田野,在多民族社会中开展跨界比较研究,辩证地看待民族间共同性和差异性的关系,以适应新时期中华民族共同体研究工作的需要。

The academic research on community for the Chinese nation suffers from the problems of more policy interpretations,more logical derivations and more grand narratives.Relatively speaking,empirical research such as fact-finding,case accumulation and in-depth analysis are quite insufficient.At present,promoting empirical research is a need for practical and theoretical research on community for the Chinese nation.The research of community for the Chinese nation requires Ethnology/Anthropology to change its research perspective,shift its research thinking,and reposition the discipline.Ethnography/Anthropology needs to break out of the shackles of the old academic paradigm,and move from the paradigm of primitive society to the paradigm of complex society,from primitivism to modernism,and from substantive thinking to relational thinking.The research methodology also requires some adjustments,going out of the closed fieldwork sites,carrying out cross-border comparative research in multi-ethnic societies,and looking dialectically at the commonalities and differences among ethnic groups.Promoting empirical research in Ethnography/Anthropology is the requisite to meet the needs of community for the Chinese nation of research work in the new era.It is also necessary,possible,and promising.