补助动词「てしまう」肯定与否定的不对称研究

Research on the Asymmetry between the Affirmation and Negation of the Auxiliary Verb teshimau

补助动词「てしまう」常被看作是体形式的一种,但实际上它是处于由命题向情态过渡阶段的一种特殊的语言形式,兼有体意义与情态意义。本文通过考察「てしまう」肯定形式与否定形式的使用状况发现「,てしまう」表达的体意义越强,则越容易否定化;反之,表达的情态意义越强,则越难以否定化。命题与情态的连续性、主观性对否定化的制约作用等因素在句法层面造成了「てしまう」肯定与否定的不对称。

The auxiliary verb teshimau, which is regarded as a form of aspect, is actually a special language form in between proposition and modality and has the meaning of aspect and modality concurrently. The character is reflected in the asymmetry between its affirmation and negation. The more teshimau has the meaning of aspect, the more easily it undergoes negation. On the contrary, the more it has the meaning of modality, the harder it becomes to undergo negation. Continuity between proposition and modality, and constraint of subjectivity on negation are important syntax reasons for the asymmetry between the affirmation and negation of teshimau.