《万叶集》桃意象的中国文化因素

The Influence of Chinese Classical Literature on the Images and Literary Uses of Peach in Man'yōshū

桃花是中日古典文学描摹和吟咏的重要花卉之一。通过比较《万叶集》和中国古典诗歌中的“桃”意象和题材可知,《万叶集》中的“桃”或以桃花拟女子娇颜,或以桃树结果寓意女子婚嫁,同时桃花既是春景的物象,也是诗人对隐逸避世的寄望。从表现形式来看,《万叶集》桃意象的咏叹形式既有和歌,也有汉诗文。和歌中的桃意象具有浓厚的女性意味,汉诗文中的桃意象则与诗人的交往酬唱密切相关。另一方面,《万叶集》中的“桃”意象与题材在《怀风藻》中亦能找到相同用法的诗句作为佐证,体现了奈良朝诗歌对中国古代“桃”原型意象的积极接纳。

The purpose of this article is to examine the image and the literary uses of peach in Man'yōshūand Chinese classical poetry from the perspective of comparative literature.The images of peach appeared in Man'yōshū could be identified as:beauty,marriage,spring scenery being associated with friendship,the Peach Garden being associated with seclusion.The images of peach appeared in both Japanese pocm(Waka)and Chincse poem(Shi).While the images of peach in Japanese poem(Waka)is related to femininc,those images of peach appeared in Chinese pocm(Shi)is closely related to the poets'interpersonal communication.Meanwhile.the image and the literary uses of peach in Man'yoshi is similar to Kaifūsō,which is the first collection of Chinese poem(Shi)in early Japan.Therefore,the images and literary uses of peach in Man'yoshi and Kaifūsō could be identified as the positive acceptance of Chinese classical poetry.