本我、自我、超我的关联性研究——以田山花袋《棉被》主人公竹中时雄为例

Research on the relevance of id,ego and superego:Take Takenaka Tokio,the protagonist of Tayama Katai's novel Futon,as an example

日本作家田山花袋的自然主义文学巨著《棉被》被誉为日本私小说的开端,小说通过大量对主人公竹中时雄的心理描写,真实而客观地展露了主人公复杂矛盾的内心世界,将主人公不加以掩饰地展现在读者面前。作为日本自然主义文学的领军人物,花袋擅长描写细微的日常生活,正视个体的生活状态,不避讳丑恶的部分,不进行理想化修饰,因此能够更科学、更客观、更系统地捕捉现实,在《棉被》中构建出了一个真实而立体的人物形象。本研究将结合弗洛伊德关于人格构造理论的本我、自我、超我的论述,有效地针对时雄的人格特征展开分层考察,从而针对小说内容进行更立体化的深入探讨。

The naturalistic literary masterpiece“Futon”by Japanese writer Tayama Katai is known as the beginning of the I Novel.Through a large number of psychological descriptions of the protagonist Takenaka Tokio,the novel truly and objectively reveals the protagonist's complex and contradictory inner world and comprehensively exposes the protagonist in front of readers without concealment.As a leading figure in Japanese naturalistic literature,Katai is good at describing subtle daily life,facing up to individual life conditions,not avoiding ugly parts,and not idealizing description.Therefore,it can capture reality more scientifically,empirically,and systematically,and build a real and three-dimensional character image in Futon.Freud's discussion on the id,ego,and superego of structural view can effectively carry out a layered investigation of Tokio's personality characteristics,so it can be possible to achieve a more three-dimensional and in-depth discussion of the content of the novel.