徘徊于组织与个人之间——《恐慌》主人公的个人危机

Between Organizational and Individual:Personal Crisis of the Protagonist in Panic

《恐慌》是开高健的代表作之一。作品讲述了一次鼠害中,县山林课职员俊介凭借智慧和才干对抗老鼠大军,却因为上级和同事的打压、排斥,最终治鼠任务失败的故事。国内学界普遍认为,俊介是反抗腐败官僚组织的正义人物,开高健借此表达了对官僚主义甚至是资本主义的批判。然而,俊介并非绝对“正义”。在对抗鼠害的过程中,他愿意与官僚组织合作,并且有意远离“进步组织”。本文着重考察了鼠害前与鼠害时俊介在山林课中的地位变化,以此重新阐释小说中蕴含的火热一时的“组织与个人”主题。就结论而言,开高健细致入微地刻画了战后组织与个人运动的机理,俊介身上体现的是日本年功序列优先的集团主义下深深的个人危机。

Panic is one of Takeshi Kaiko’s representative works.In the novel,Shunsuke,agovernment official,tried to manage the plague of rats with intelligence and courage,but failed because of the suppression and exclusion of his superiors and colleagues.It is generally believed in Chinese academic circle that Shunsuke is a positive character against corrupt bureaucrats.Takeshi Kaiko expressed his criticism on bureaucracy and even capitalism through this story.However,this paper believes that,Shunsuke is not a completely upright character.In the process of containing the plague,he preferred to cooperate with the bureaucratic organizations,and he deliberately stayed away from“the progressive organization”.This paper focuses on the changes of Shunsuke’s status in the government before and after the rats plague,so as to reinterpret the hot topic of“organizational and individual”in the novel.In conclusion,Takeshi Kaiko describes the mechanism of post-war organizational and individual movements detailedly,and Shunsuke’s story reflects the serious personal crisis under Japan’s collectivism and seniority system.