致使表达的汉日对比研究——以致使者的编码方式为中心

A Contrastive Study on Causative Expression between Japanese and Chinese With Special Reference to the Coding Methods of Causers

致使句一直是现代日语研究中的热点问题,同时也是汉语母语者学习日语的难点之所在。日语致使表达的相关研究成果很多,特别是描写语言学的研究成果为非日语母语者学习日语解决了诸多难题。而二十世纪八十年代以来,认知语言学特别是认知语法的发展,为致使问题的研究提供了更多的思路和可能性。本文在认知语言学理论的基础上对比了汉日致使表达中致使者的编码方式。通过对比发现:汉语倾向于将事件/事物、日语倾向于将人作为致使者进行语言编码,汉日语在致使原因归属问题上存在思维方式的差异。这一特征,源于两者识解方式的不同。

The causative expression has always been a hot issue in modern Japanese research,and it is also a difficulty for native Chinese speakers to learn Japanese.There is a great deal of research on causative expression in Japanese,and the research results of descriptive linguistics have solved many difficult problems for non-native speakers to learn Japanese.Since the 1980s,the development of cognitive linguistics,especially cognitive grammar,has provided more ideas and possibilities for the study of this problem.Based on the theory of cognitive linguistics,this paper compares the coding methods of Chinese and Japanese causers in causative expression.It is found that Chinese tends to encode events/things and Japanese tends to encode the person as the causer.And there are differences in the thinking modes between Chinese and Japanese on the question of attribution of causes which stems from the ways of construal.