针对日语词首声调上升幅度的实证性研究——以词首元音与辅音类型的影响为中心

An Experimental Study on the Pitch Range of Japanese Phrase-initial Tone:with a Focus on the Effects of Phrase-initial Consonants and Vowels

日语词首声调的上升幅度是日语声调研究中一个重要的主题。本研究通过分析3位日语母语者的词首声调上升幅度差异,考察影响声调幅度的变量。研究发现,当词首为含拨音重音节时,词首第一个莫拉前部辅音类型对词首声调上升幅度有显著影响,词首无辅音(■),以及辅音/m//n/语境下的声调上升幅度显著大于/s//t//k/语境;而该莫拉元音类型对词首声调上升幅度没有显著影响。实验结果表明,前川喜久雄(2018)所主张的词首音节轻重和词首莫拉之间界线的清晰程度不是词首声调音高变化的唯一影响因素,我们研究词首上升调时还应对词首元音及辅音类型等变量有更精细、更全面的把控,从而进一步分析词首上升调特征的变化动因。词首声调音高变化的根本原因很可能在于,不同类型的辅音对后部元音产生顺同化,使元音表现出不同的音高特征。本研究结果证明了音段特征对超音段特征的显著影响及其具体表征。

The pitch range of the phrase-initial rising tone in Japanese is an important topic in Japanese prosody studies.This paper investigates the factors affecting the variation of this rising tone by conducting an experiment on three Japanese native speakers.The result shows that,when the phrase-initial syllable is heavy and contains a nasal coda,the type of initial consonant of the first mora has a significant effect on the pitch range of the initial rising tone;and the pitch range is much narrower for phrases beginning with/s//t//k/consonants than those beginning with a vowel or/m//n/consonants.However,no significant effect is found for different vowels in the initial mora.The result indicates that syllable weight and“the clarity of the boundary between the first and second mora”,as proposed by Maekawa(2018),are not the only factors that need considering.In order to unravel the mystery behind this phenomenon,a more comprehensive examination of the effect of the phrase-initial consonants and vowels is needed.It is very likely that the fundamental cause of this phenomenon lies in forward assimilation where consonants influence the pitch of following vowels.This paper confirms the significant effect of segments on suprasegmental features and concrete representations.