试论外语测试的科学性——从宏观层面

A macroscopic perspective on the scientific features of foreign language testing

本文围绕测试"考什么""怎么考"等基本问题,从不同角度阐述了对语言测试的认识,认为现代语言测试是建构在语言学、心理学和测量学基础之上的交叉学科,是一门在测试理论指导下实践性极强的学问。在此基础上,本文探讨了测试的各种类型、形式、层次及侧面的复杂性,并讨论了它们之间的区别和关联、各自的长短,以及如何互补等问题,旨在引导追求测试的科学性和艺术性,使考试更趋于"公平"与"公正"。

This paper clarifies the understanding of testing from different perspectives by answering basic questions,such as"what to test"and"how to test".It holds that modern language testing,an interdisciplinary subject based on linguistics,psychology and measurement,is a highly practical subject under the guidance of testing theory.On this basis,this paper explores the complexity of various types,forms,levels and aspects of testing,and discusses their differences and relevance,respective advantages and disadvantages,and their complementary relationship,thus providing guidance on how to make the testing scientific and artistic and achieve the ultimate purpose of"fairness"and"justice".